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精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      模(mo)具(ju)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)是指(zhi)裝配(pei)(pei)模(mo)具(ju)的零(ling)件(jian)或部件(jian)；也可以指(zhi)損壞后(hou)重新安(an)裝上的模(mo)具(ju)零(ling)件(jian)或部件(jian)。精(jing)(jing)密模(mo)具(ju)一(yi)般是由許多(duo)零(ling)件(jian)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)，可以分為(wei)兩類：工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝零(ling)件(jian)和結構(gou)零(ling)件(jian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝零(ling)件(jian)直接對成(cheng)(cheng)型產品(pin)質量造成(cheng)(cheng)影響，工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝零(ling)件(jian)的決勝品(pin)質在(zai)當下的精(jing)(jing)密模(mo)具(ju)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)均(jun)用(yong)精(jing)(jing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)手段來完成(cheng)(cheng)。精(jing)(jing)密加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程關系到(dao)精(jing)(jing)密模(mo)具(ju)的壽命和成(cheng)(cheng)型產品(pin)，在(zai)精(jing)(jing)密模(mo)具(ju)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的精(jing)(jing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段除采用(yong)慢走(zou)絲線(xian)切割(ge)、電火花成(cheng)(cheng)型等工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝手段外，另采用(yong)的方法即是在(zai)半精(jing)(jing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)，熱處(chu)理(li)基礎上磨削加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       那么在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)磨削加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段需要控(kong)制好(hao)零件(jian)的(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing)、內應力(li)、形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)公差及尺寸精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度等許多技術參數(shu)。在(zai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體的(de)(de)生產(chan)實踐中，操作(zuo)困難較多，但是(shi)在(zai)東莞(guan)市(shi)時利和(he)15年的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)中可以(yi)總結分析的(de)(de)出可以(yi)借鑒(jian)的(de)(de)方(fang)法：一、從模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)制精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我(wo)們(men)可以(yi)針對不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)零件(jian)、不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)材(cai)質、不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)和(he)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)技術要求進(jin)行適(shi)應性(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，提供選擇性(xing)方(fang)案(an)。通過(guo)(guo)對加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)控(kong)制，達到更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效果和(he)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)是(shi)大多數(shu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業關注的(de)(de)重點。精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)一般為：粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—半精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—（淬火、調質）—精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)磨削—電加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—鉗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)修整(zheng)—組裝加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       在精(jing)密(mi)模具配(pei)件加(jia)(jia)工的磨削(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)工階段主(zhu)要采用的機床(chuang)(chuang)有三種主(zhu)要類型：平面磨床(chuang)(chuang)、內外圓(yuan)磨床(chuang)(chuang)及工具成型磨削(xue)(xue)機床(chuang)(chuang)。精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工磨削(xue)(xue)時(shi)要嚴(yan)格(ge)控制磨削(xue)(xue)變(bian)形和磨削(xue)(xue)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)的出(chu)現，哪怕是(shi)工件表面的顯(xian)微裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)，否則(ze)在后續的工作中也會漸漸顯(xian)露出(chu)來。因此，精(jing)密(mi)磨削(xue)(xue)時(shi)的進(jin)刀量要小(xiao)，磨削(xue)(xue)中冷(leng)卻要充分，盡量選擇冷(leng)卻液介質，加(jia)(jia)工余量在0.01mm內的零件要盡量恒溫磨削(xue)(xue)。

       磨(mo)削(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)修整砂(sha)輪，保(bao)持砂(sha)輪的(de)(de)銳利，當砂(sha)輪鈍(dun)化后(hou)會在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)滑擦(ca)、刻劃、擠壓(ya)，造(zao)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)燒傷、顯微裂(lie)痕或產生溝槽，對以后(hou)的(de)(de)使用(yong)顯著地降低(di)效用(yong)。盤類、板(ban)類零件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)大部分(fen)采用(yong)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)磨(mo)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)長而(er)薄的(de)(de)薄板(ban)件(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)，有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)難度。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前在(zai)磨(mo)床磁力(li)臺(tai)的(de)(de)強力(li)吸(xi)引下(xia)(xia)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)原先存在(zai)某種(zhong)彎曲(qu)產生平(ping)直形(xing)(xing)變(bian)，貼(tie)近于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)，待磨(mo)削(xue)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)又在(zai)原應力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)回復(fu)，測量板(ban)件(jian)(jian)(jian)厚(hou)度時(shi)顯示一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，但由于(yu)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)回復(fu)，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度達不到(dao)精密模具配件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應該的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，解決的(de)(de)方(fang)法是磨(mo)削(xue)前以等高墊鐵墊在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，四周用(yong)擋塊擋住工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)防止走(zou)動(dong)，磨(mo)削(xue)時(shi)磨(mo)頭進(jin)刀量要(yao)(yao)小，用(yong)多次走(zou)刀方(fang)式完成(cheng)基(ji)準平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，基(ji)準平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)好一(yi)(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)后(hou)，可(ke)用(yong)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)基(ji)準平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)吸(xi)附在(zai)磁力(li)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)，通過如上(shang)(shang)所述的(de)(de)磨(mo)削(xue)方(fang)法可(ke)改(gai)善大部分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度。