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精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      模具配件(jian)是(shi)(shi)指裝配模具的(de)零(ling)件(jian)或部件(jian)；也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)指損(sun)壞后重新安裝上的(de)模具零(ling)件(jian)或部件(jian)。精密(mi)模具一般是(shi)(shi)由(you)許多零(ling)件(jian)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)，可(ke)以(yi)分為(wei)兩類：工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝零(ling)件(jian)和結構(gou)(gou)零(ling)件(jian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝零(ling)件(jian)直接對成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)品(pin)質量造成(cheng)影響，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝零(ling)件(jian)的(de)決勝(sheng)品(pin)質在(zai)當下(xia)的(de)精密(mi)模具配件(jian)均用(yong)精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手段(duan)來完成(cheng)。精密(mi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程關系到精密(mi)模具的(de)壽命(ming)和成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)品(pin)，在(zai)精密(mi)模具配件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段(duan)除(chu)采用(yong)慢走(zou)絲線(xian)切割、電火花成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝手段(duan)外，另采用(yong)的(de)方法(fa)即是(shi)(shi)在(zai)半(ban)精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，熱處理基(ji)礎上磨削加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       那(nei)么在(zai)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨削加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段需要控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形、內應力、形狀公差及尺寸精(jing)度等許多(duo)技(ji)(ji)術參數。在(zai)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)實踐中(zhong)，操作困難較多(duo)，但是在(zai)東莞市時利和(he)15年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)總結分析的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)借鑒(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法：一、從模(mo)(mo)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我們可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)針對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)零(ling)件(jian)、不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材質、不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀和(he)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術要求進行適應性(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，提(ti)供(gong)選擇性(xing)(xing)方案(an)。通(tong)過對(dui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，達到更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效果和(he)經濟性(xing)(xing)是大多(duo)數精(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點。精(jing)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)一般為：粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—半精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—（淬火、調質）—精(jing)密(mi)(mi)磨削—電加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—鉗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)修整—組裝(zhuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       在精密模具配件(jian)加工的(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)加工階(jie)段主要采用的(de)機床(chuang)(chuang)有三種主要類型：平面(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)、內外圓磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)及工具成型磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)機床(chuang)(chuang)。精加工磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)時(shi)要嚴格控制磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)變形和磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)裂(lie)(lie)紋的(de)出(chu)現，哪怕是工件(jian)表面(mian)的(de)顯(xian)微裂(lie)(lie)紋，否則在后續的(de)工作中也(ye)會漸(jian)漸(jian)顯(xian)露出(chu)來。因此，精密磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)時(shi)的(de)進刀量(liang)要小(xiao)，磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)中冷卻(que)(que)要充分，盡量(liang)選(xuan)擇冷卻(que)(que)液(ye)介質，加工余(yu)量(liang)在0.01mm內的(de)零(ling)件(jian)要盡量(liang)恒溫(wen)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)。

       磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)加工中(zhong)要及時修(xiu)整砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)，保持砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)銳(rui)利，當(dang)砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)鈍化后(hou)會在(zai)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)滑(hua)擦、刻(ke)劃(hua)、擠壓，造成(cheng)(cheng)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)燒傷、顯微裂痕或產(chan)生溝槽，對以后(hou)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)顯著地降低效用(yong)(yong)。盤類、板類零件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)加工大(da)(da)部分采用(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)磨(mo)(mo)床加工，加工長而薄(bo)的(de)(de)薄(bo)板件(jian)(jian)(jian)時，有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)加工難(nan)度。加工前在(zai)磨(mo)(mo)床磁(ci)力(li)(li)臺(tai)的(de)(de)強力(li)(li)吸引下(xia)，工件(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)先(xian)存在(zai)某種(zhong)彎曲產(chan)生平(ping)(ping)(ping)直形變(bian)，貼(tie)近(jin)于工作(zuo)臺(tai)表面(mian)(mian)，待磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)后(hou)，工件(jian)(jian)(jian)又在(zai)原(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)變(bian)形回復，測量板件(jian)(jian)(jian)厚度時顯示一(yi)致(zhi)，但由于變(bian)形回復，平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)度達不到精密模(mo)具配(pei)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加工應(ying)(ying)該的(de)(de)要求，解決的(de)(de)方(fang)法是磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)前以等高(gao)墊鐵墊在(zai)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)面(mian)(mian)，四周用(yong)(yong)擋(dang)塊(kuai)擋(dang)住工件(jian)(jian)(jian)防止(zhi)走動，磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)時磨(mo)(mo)頭進(jin)刀(dao)量要小(xiao)，用(yong)(yong)多(duo)次走刀(dao)方(fang)式完成(cheng)(cheng)基準平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)，基準平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)加工好一(yi)面(mian)(mian)后(hou)，可用(yong)(yong)這一(yi)基準平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)吸附在(zai)磁(ci)力(li)(li)臺(tai)上，通過如上所(suo)述的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)方(fang)法可改善大(da)(da)部分工件(jian)(jian)(jian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)度。